Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: From Book to Film Essay

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was the first of seven book series by J. K. Rowling first published on July 1997. It is about the adventure of an eleven-year-old boy who grew up with his aunt and uncle and later discovers that he comes from a family of witches and wizards. The film adaptation of the book was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. , and, like any film adaptation, has had its share of praises and criticisms. Some held that the film had been â€Å"faithful† to the book, but of course, just like in any other film adaptation, there will always be some alterations from the book from which film adaptations were based. Some of the criticisms of the film adaptation of the first Harry Potter series include the director, Chris Columbus, being â€Å"too slavish a devotion to the book and too little of his own creative input† (Silvain). Corliss criticized that â€Å"Columbus is content to make a student’s copy of the original master portrait. † He held that â€Å"the Harry Potter film has loads of technical expertise but lacks the enthralling life of Rowling’s original. † Indeed, the film adaptation had barely altered the story from the book. Nevertheless, there were alterations and the film still falls short from the magical experience enjoyed by the readers. There are some minor differences in the film’s depiction of characters. As an example, Hagrid, who was described in the book as being â€Å"almost twice as tall as a normal man and at least five times as wide† (Rowling, 14), although depicted in the film as much taller to be â€Å"almost twice as tall† than any man, was not â€Å"five times as wide. † These differences, however, are almost negligible because of the other characters brilliant depiction in the film. Read more:  Number of words in the harry potter series. The depictions of Hogwarts professors were perfect: Dumbledore’s long silvery hair and beard marked him unmistakably the wisest, if not the strongest, wizard in the story; Professor McGonnagal’s commanding presence and Professor Snape’s intimidating presence were brilliantly played by the actors. The other characters’ depictions were superb, most especially the Dursleys, the Weasleys, Hermione and Malfoy. Harry’s Scotch-tape bound eyeglasses could also not be missed out. When it comes to the storyline, the film has altered a lot from the book without losing the overall content. For starters, the film did not begin with the Dursleys, not with their indifference to witches and wizards, and most especially not with Uncle Vernon’s experiences, unwittingly of magic, on his way to office and back home, as was first presented in the book. Hagrid did not mention in the film that he borrowed the motorcycle from Sirius Black, who Rowling foreshadowed in the book as we learn from a later series that Sirius is Harry’s godfather. Also in the book, when Dumbledore left baby Potter in the Dursley’s doorstep, he left the letter with Harry clutching it, not beside Harry as presented in the film. As Harry is growing up, the film lacks presentation on how the Dursleys, most especially Dudley, mistreat Harry. There was no mention of Mrs. Figgs; neither Piers nor Stonewall high from where Harry would be studying if he had not received the letter from Hogwarts was mentioned in the film. In the film, when Harry received his first letter from Hogwarts, it was Dudley who snatched it away from him, while in the book it was Uncle Vernon, and while the film showed that succeeding letters from Hogwarts to Harry was being burned or shredded into pieces, there was no presentation of Harry moving from under the stairs to a room next to Dudley’s. When Hagrid finally brought Harry the Hogwarts letter in the little shack atop a rock in the middle of the sea on Harrry’s birthday, the confrontation between Hagrid and Uncle Vernon lacked the intensity that was presented in the book. Explanations of Hagrid to Harry about Hogwarts and his parents is also lacking in details in the film. Moreover, Hagrid and Harry did not left in the middle of the night during a storm in the book’s version of the story. Events in Diagon Alley presented in the film also lack faithfulness from the book. The twisting trail to the vaults in Gringotts was omitted as well as Hagrid’s reaction to this. The scene in Madam Malkin’s shop where Harry met a boy, who we later learn to be Draco Malfoy, for the first time was also omitted. This is also where Harry was supposed to hear about Quidditch based on the book, as well as the different Hogwart houses and differences of witch and wizard lineages, which Hagrid later on explained to Harry. Hagrid did not leave Harry alone when he purchased his first wand; it was in Madam Malkin’s shop that Hagrid had left Harry to recompose himself from their trip through the Gringotts vaults. At Ollivander’s, Harry tried many wands, more than three unlike what was depicted in the film, before the man attending him had finally found the right wand for Harry. Furthermore, Harry did not make the least indication of a spell in trying the wands prior to finding the right one as the man attending him had stopped Harry before he can wave the wands. The film also did not include Uncle Vernon being asked by Harry and actually dropping Harry off to the train station. It was in Hogwarts express that Harry and Malfoy had their first confrontation; where Malfoy advised Harry not â€Å"to go making friends with the wrong sort† and Harry replying that he â€Å"can tell who the wrong sort are† by himself, in contrast with the film where this scene was presented after the first years entered Hogwarts through an underground passage by the lake. There was no song from the sorting hat, nor were there any Hogwarts song in the film. The events following Holloween night was presented in the film not exactly as it was described in the book. Norbert, the Norwegian Ridgeback baby dragon that Hagrid raised, was not sent to Romania by the Ministry of Magic, but was sent there through Charlie’s friends. Harry and Hermione’s adventure of smuggling Norbert out of Hogwarts was never mentioned in the film. Harry, Hermione, Malfoy, and Neville’s detention in the forbidden forest also differed from how it was described in the book. The film skipped Harry being grouped with Hagrid and Hermione first before Hagrid decided that he should come with Malfoy and Fang as Harry is much braver than Neville and could stand up to Malfoy’s bullying. Harry has also met three centaurs, even riding on the back of one. Perhaps the most noticeable difference between the film’s presentation and the book’s story could be found during Harry, Ron and Hermione’s adventure going after the sorcerer’s stone. In chapter 16 of the book, Harry played the flute given to him by Hagrid as a Christmas present to make Fluffy fall asleep and had no trouble getting past him. After going through the trapdoor, both Harry and Ron were having trouble with the Devil’s Snare and Hermione had to use the spell she had with Snape on Harry’s first Quidditch match to free them. Then, all three went to catch the right key, each taking a broomstick, at the end of the passageway. The flying keys did not attack but were moving so fast that it was difficult to catch them. On the giant chess board, Harry, Ron and Hermione had to replace chess pieces to play the game, not Ron riding the knight’s horse. Furthermore, there was no indication in the book that the giant chess pieces were smashed into destruction. There were also no sing of any troll in a chamber after getting past the giant chess game. Finally, Harry and Hermione had to solve a puzzle set up by Professor Snape as the last obstacle to enter the chamber where the Mirror of Erised had been moved to. This scene is totally missing from the film. The climax of the story, Harry’s confrontation with Professor Quirrel and Voldemort, had been faithful to the book, although in the book, Harry had not destroyed Professor Quirrel in the end of their confrontation. The film’s depiction of Voldemort’s face at the back of Professor Quirrel’s head was also slightly differed from the book’s description. The book described it as â€Å"chalk white with glaring red eyes and slits for nostrils, like a snake† (Rowling, 293). Voldemort’s nose as depicted in the film was not very snakelike. There are a few more difference between the film and the book’s story: the film had not depicted Harry not being afraid of mentioning Voldemort’s name; Harry had played in two Quidditch matches in the book; Peeves antics were missing in the film; and Dumbledore did not explain Professor Snape and James Potter’s, Harry’s father, history. Simply put, the film does not have the detailed events presented in the book. It has jumbled the events as it happened in the book while still able to present roughly the same story. However, for the Harry Potter fanatic, the most frustrating difference between the film and the book was the film’s lack of magical experience. For a film based on a magical fantasy book series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone film, ironically, had not been magical, missing out on some important details and suspense. On the other hand, the film tried to be as faithful to Rowling’s story. Even with omissions and alterations, the film basically presented the same story as Rowling’s. It, however, lacked the details that Rowling had included in the book. Given the limitations of technology in computer graphics and animation, the film has brought Hogwarts to life, but could never match up to the experience that reading the book had. As a final note, while the film had a total gross of approximately $970 billion, it has surprisingly not met the expectation of fanatics and readers worldwide with its lack of magic and omissions of some scenes that were somehow important to the overall presentation of the story.

How to Increase the UK’s Productivity? Essay

The UK government can adopt various supply side measures to further increase the productivity in workplace. First, it is absolutely vital to ensure that the education sector continues to receive large amount of funding from government. In fact, it is currently the third largest recipient of budget after social security and healthcare and should be in such position for many years to come even when the economy is not performing. Billions are spent onto building schools where literacy rate is relatively lower, training teachers, developing new curriculum or courses that suit industrial need and providing loans to undergraduates to increase their enrolment rate. The purpose is to increase the quantity and quality of workforce. Being more educated enables an individual to work independently, more efficient and understand complex instructions. Productivity gap between UK and rival economies like France and Germany will narrow. Next, the government can further tame the trade unions. Although we have not seen strikes like those during the era of Margaret Thatcher, industrial dispute that takes place from time to time is still a major concern for many employers. Consider the recent strikes by cabin crews in British Airways, immigration officers in ISU (Immigration Service Union), HP workers and many more. When workers refuse to work, there will be lesser output on monthly basis. As such it is justified to have more laws passed in Parliament to secure the interest of firms. For instance, firms must be allowed to take stricter action against workers or union if they cause severe losses or making it more difficult for unions to call for strikes. Between the two measures discussed, it is argued that public investment onto education is a better policy. This is because UK economy has moved away from industries that require manual skills to those that need mental skills. In other words, UK has moved away from manufacturing sector to services sector like banking and finance and also quaternary like research. Today, size of service sector is about 76% of her GDP compared to manufacturing sector of 22%. Having said so, critics argue that it has an extremely long effect lags. This is because the building of schools and having a targeted number of skilled graduates are not an overnight effort. It may take as long as a decade before noticing any change in the level of productivity. Also one must consider that UK experiences one of the highest numbers of brain drain. It loses its professional workers to other English speaking countries like US, Australia and New Zealand. In such circumstance, AS may not shift rightward by much As a matter of fact, there must be some balance in power between the employers and labour unions. Although the weakening of unions creates a more flexible labour market (easy to hire and fire without negotiation with trade union) and lower down the costs of production, some firms might abuse the power given. For instance, workers in certain industries may be underpaid or in some circumstance retrenched without any good reason and justified compensation. In some cases, employers may freeze wages of workers for their own good such as taking home fat bonuses. Furthermore, it is already difficult to organise a strike due to the structure of economy. Workers in services sectors, say a bank are not as clustered and large in numbers like those in factories .

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Executive Summary - Essay Example The whole Kaiser establishment has an approximate of 160,000 staff, about 35 branches and close to 14,600 doctors. The hospital however, experiences problems while handling records for inpatients and outpatients, supply records for hospital equipment and schedules for programs in the hospital (Yoder, 2014). This proposal therefore seeks to ask for funding that will be used to buy equipment that will help store all records in the hospital (Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2011). The services at the hospital will be delivered in a quicker way, and will possibly be cheaper since the workload will reduce. The finances that will be utilized to make available the hospital equipment will require close to fifty million dollars. The research conducted on the Kaiser Permanente centre used online interviews to collect information. Previous records from the hospital were also used to collect patient’s attendance in the past years (Yoder, 2014). The interviews took one week to conduct. The same number of males and females was used. We targeted patients that accessed services from the hospital online, and did one personal interview with a frequent patient at Kaiser Permanente. Accessing hospital records took two days. On the first day, we had to ask for permission from the hospital authorities an on the second week after appealing to access the records we were granted access to them (Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2011). Kaiser Permanente, is a hospital that has hospitalized several patients, probably in tens of millions in the inpatient wards (Yoder, 2014). The hospital is not badly off in the hospital equipment, but is short of computing systems that will enhance the record keeping processes. Its Intensive Unit Care department is also short of around two life- supporting machines. The failure of this crucial equipment has led to the loss of lives, and the saddest part is that the losses are

A Letter to my High School Counselor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Letter to my High School Counselor - Essay Example As an initial matter, I realize that many people go to college in order to secure a high paying job. My family has reminded me, for instance, that college is expensive and a huge investment in my future. There is no question that I will be forced to find a job in order to pay back my student loans. In addition, I further recognize that employers value students with particular types of degrees and who graduate from highly-ranked universities. Had I chosen to pursue my engineering studies at Berkeley, there is no doubt that I would have been granted access to elite employers from around the world. Finally, I recognize that many colleges today are rethinking their programs and their curriculums. There is a growing amount of pressure for colleges to prepare students for employment; more particularly, prospective students are very interested in knowing the average employment rates and the average salaries of each college's graduates. This, in turn, has led to an emphasis on programs which cater to engineering, science, and business. In the final analysis, both students and colleges seem to be more interested in seeing colleges prepare students for high-paying jobs. These imperatives are both economic and practical given the increasing costs of education and the value which employers and society place on particular types of education and skills. Despite these arguments, many of which are valid, I am not persuaded that short-term employment prospects are strong enough to change my mind. I may be a traditionalist, but I have always envisioned education as something much broader and much more significant than a sort of quasi-vocational training. I have chosen to major in English literature because I believe that college is more about training the mind in a more interdisciplinary manner.

Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Economic History - Essay Example With respect to the role of Hayek in the socialist calculation debate, he reveals his position with respect to the possibilities of planning. While arguing against the possibility that is associated with planning in the case of the socialist calculation debate, Friedrich Hayek worked on two major theoretical papers. These include; â€Å"The Meaning of Competition† and â€Å"The use of Knowledge is Society†. Both of Hayek’s works were aimed at serving as a disproof to a fellow economist named Oscar Lange as well as the endorsements that he had made regarding a planned economy. This paper will evaluate Hayek’s works; â€Å"Meaning of Rivalry† and â€Å"The Adoption of Knowledge in Society†, to help determine his position with respect to the possibilities of planning for the economy. Based on his work, â€Å"Meaning of Competition†, Hayek reveals the benefits that are associated with a free market, which has not been subjected to the regulations that the government imposes to regulate the market. Instead, he reveals that the suppression of competition is among the major evils that prevail in a society, which experience has revealed to be a regular consequence. Also, these evils are also different from those imperfections that are affiliated with rivalry. Hayek stipulates that competition is an essential process that facilitates in the formation of different points of view. This is because it is efficient in terms of facilitating for the spread of information to diverse parties. It also facilitates in the creation of coherence and unity in the economic system, which most people presuppose whenever they treat it as one market. With a coherent and united economic system, it becomes possible for people to identify the goals that they have in common, and hence adopt approaches that can help them to boost the productivity and competitiveness of their society (Vaughn 537). Competition helps people to understand the best product for them and where

Critical Thinking Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking Questions - Coursework Example a teacher leader, the principles which one should use include leading with values, people centered, achievement oriented and managing tensions and dilemmas (Day and Harris, 2012). Changes are of different categories, and they all depend with the teacher leader who wants to implement them. In this circumstance, implementing a permanent change to the institutions will be more beneficial in making the institutions realize their visions. It will involve making necessary adjustment, which matches the need of the institutions. In order to ensure that this becomes successful, it will need evaluation of the areas which needs to be improved (Reeves, 2008). It will also need assessment at ensuring that the critical areas are taken into consideration. Implementation of change begins with assessment of the areas which needs to be changed. As an educational leader, you need to involve all parties including students and other fellows in ensuring that all goes well. This will entail working on programs which will bring change to all stakeholders (Danielson, 2007). However, implementation of change is different from managing change since implementation deals with introducing changes whereas management of change involve making necessary adjustment in the process of already existing

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

Reflection - Essay Example It was easier for me to break down the thesis statement in various paragraphs later on. As a matter of fact, gaining information concerning the pin-pointed arguments was easier. However, skimming the correct claims to back up and support the arguments was the technical aspect of writing. I set a word count as per the points. It was due to this reason that I was able to skim the relevant and most effective information for backing up the arguments. As soon as I was able to add information in the body paragraphs, I noticed that there was an avid need of changing the topic. Initially, I selected the topic that was quite vague. Later on, with the advancement in writing ideas in the paper, I changed my topic too, â€Å"The Passion of Boxing†. The following paragraphs from two versions of my submitted written piece can explain the number of aspects that I had to work on during the re-drafting process. As the older version included the following statement, â€Å"Attending a boxing event in a boxing gym located in our neighborhood introduced me to a group of dedicated fans and boxers. Boxing is a sport that requires dedication, discipline, and communication with coaches and fans given that the game bonds us together, and makes us a family (older version)†. These above mentioned sentences did not present the true meaning effectively. It was due to this reason that I had to change the sentence from the scratch. It will not be incorrect to state that this was the paragraph where I had to make maximum changes for re-drafting. The changed version of the paper is as follows, â€Å"I was introduced to a group of dedicated fans and boxers. The group was very eager to have the time of their lives. All attendees formed a spor ting family, united by their love for the game (newer version)†. As far as language and mechanics were concerned, I noticed that there were a lot of mistakes that I was making while

Is it justifiable to continue to have public funding for the BBC in Essay

Is it justifiable to continue to have public funding for the BBC in the twenty-first y century - Essay Example In fact, some of them may even suggest that public funding for the BBC should be eliminated and it should be asked to compete with other channels on a commercial basis as that should be the basis of all television broadcasting. However, it must be noted that the charter of the BBC as well as the government’s view of the BBC makes it a public service and the nature of a public service is such that the public has to pay for it. This means that the primary source of funding for the BBC comes from the licensing fees paid by every television owner in the UK. The trustees of the BBC are appointed by the government yet it is not really answerable to the government for its news reports and the coverage that it provides. The extent of the BBC’s well noted independence is largely controlled by the regulations which the British government places on the broadcaster. The funding for the BBC is supposed to provide money for high quality broadcast material suitable for the British public but these broadcasts also have to compete with other channels in the market who have obtained broadcasting licenses from the UK government and run on a commercial basis supporting themselves through advertisements. However, the demands placed on the BBC as the flag bearing media company of the UK are quite different from the expectations which people have from the competition since the BBC is the only media outlet for which the people pay as a public service (Cox, 2004). This funding does not make the BBC a government mouth piece because even though the BBC receives its money from the government, it has a past which is full of conflict with the government to the point that at several times in history the British government of the time seriously considered taking over the channel (Cox, 2004). The BBC remains a semi-independent source of news and information while the Royal Charter gives it a mandate to obtain public

White Blood Cells (WBC) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

White Blood Cells (WBC) - Research Paper Example Bone marrow is the producer of White Blood Cells. The major function of Hematopoietic stem cells, found in bone marrow, is the production of WBC. Hematopoietic stem cells have a life span of only three to four days and therefore, any deficiencies in the production of this stem cell may affect the production of WBC also. â€Å"The white blood cells have a short life cycle, living from a few days to a few weeks. A drop of blood can contain anywhere from 7,000 to 25,000 white blood cells at a time†(White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). This paper analyses various features of WBC. WBC’s are found throughout our body even though it is produced in bone marrow only. In other words, WBC produced from the bone marrow, is distributed all over the body to prevent the attack of foreign materials into the body. However, WBC density in bone marrow is more than that in any other parts of the body. There are six major types of white blood cells: Basophils, Bands, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), Monocytes and Neutrophils. The average percentage of each type in the blood is as follows: Neutrophils - 58 percent; Eosinophils - 2 percent; Basophils - 1 percent; Bands - 3 percent; Monocytes - 4 percent; Lymphocytes - 4 percent and Neutrophils - 58 percent (Bianco, 2012). Each of these WBC’s has specific functions. Neutrophils defend against bacterial infection whereas Eosinophils prevent parasitic infections. Basophils are dealing with allergic infections whereas the duty of Monocytes is to clean neutrophils. Lymphocytes play a major role in defending the body against various diseases including cancer. The number of WBC’s in blood is the indicator of whether a person has some diseases or not. In other words, if the count of WBC shows an abnormal value (more or less than the normal value), that means the person has some kind of diseases. The normal count of WBC in one liter blood is between 4?109 and 1.1?1010. â€Å"A consistentl y high number of white blood cells is a symptom of Leukemia, a cancer of the blood. A Leukemia patient may have as many as 50,000 white blood cells in a single drop of blood†. (White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). â€Å"In diseases such as measles, pertussis and sepsis, the increase in white blood cells is so dramatic that the picture resembles leukemia† (White Blood Cell Count (WBC) and Differential, 2006) Whenever a germ or infection enters the body, the white blood cells snap to attention and race toward the scene of the crime. The white blood cells are continually on the lookout for signs of disease. When a germ does appear, the white blood cells have a variety of ways by which they can attack. Some will produce protective antibodies that will overpower the germ. Others will surround and devour the bacteria (White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). Neutrophils and monocytes use several mechanisms in their fight against the intrusion of foreign bodi es in our body. â€Å"They kill bacteria by a process called phagocytosis, in which they completely surround the bacteria and digest them with digestive enzymes. They can phagocytize five to 20 bacteria in their lifetime†(Bianco, 2012). Stroncek et al. (2011) pointed out that â€Å"White blood cells (WBCs) collected from hematopoietic stem cell are often given to patients who has problems in maintaining the normal WBC count in blood† (Stroncek et al., 2011, p.2647). It should be noted that bone marrow transplant is the most effective option in fighting against blood cancer. Stem cell research is one of the most rapidly developing fields in medical science and many people believe that the

Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Going Green - Essay Example As a result, temperatures within the atmosphere rise, albeit gradually, to cause global warming. The United States Environmental protection agency has listed five gases as composing the greenhouse gases. These are Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, February 2012). Although carbon dioxide is also produced naturally, it (and the other gases) is primarily produced through human activities, especially ‘†¦ through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of other chemical reactions’ (Environmental Protection Agency, February 2012). This is where automobile manufacture becomes relevant. Green house gases are emitted, not only during the production of cars, but also during their use; i.e. while on the road. This calls for safer methods of production as well as designing ‘green cars’-those that emit less harmful gases or n one at all. Such are solar-powered or electric cars. 2. Reality Check Greenhouse emissions have been on the rise in the last couple of decades thanks to increased industrialization. They have risen â€Å"†¦ by 15 percent since 1990, reaching over 7000 metric tons in 2006.† (CQ Researcher, Feb. 29 2008, Pg 200). ... To curb the effects of global warming, governments, business organizations, activist groups as well as individuals have come out to advocate for more initiative and responsibility-more specifically in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save the planet. The car industry is squarely on the spotlight over taking responsibility over greenhouse gases emissions, since it is arguably the chief consumer of fossil fuel products. 3. The Great Controversy Green products are not costly; neither do they hurt the economy, as some people may have claimed. The problem with such an argument is that the proponents are looking at short term profits and benefits, which may not be immediately realized in the green market. They look at the rate of input versus output; and it looks like a losing game, at least from face value. For instance, relying on solar energy in car production means that we can only reap benefits during the day only- and closing shop at sun set. This means that a 24 hour eco nomy is not possible, and therefore profits may reduce by half. However, this may be the only [greatest] disadvantage with solar energy. On the other hand, we may benefit from a 24-hour economy driven by coal and gas, but we will begin counting our losses sometime soon down the road. Green house effects may be slow, but they are certain. They cause ripple effects that result to consequences that eventually cost more money to mitigate. For instance, more toxic gases are emitted to the atmosphere through industrial wastes; the mean global temperatures rise over time; more ice melts causing dams, rivers and lakes to swell and burst; floods sweep over businesses, animals and humans; more money is required to rebuild the dams, compensate the affected

Review of the Child Protective Services Investigation Process Essay Example for Free

Review of the Child Protective Services Investigation Process Essay In the beginning of 2004, the tragic death of a young boy in San Antonio, TX raised concerns about Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services (TDPRS) procedures relating to the investigation of the child protective services (CPS) process, including responding to telephone reports and assessing the risk of maltreatment accurately. TDPRS is currently under investigation ordered by the Governor, Rick Perry. The Governor stated, there is enough evidence from various parts of the state to suggest that some of our most vulnerable children are not receiving the protection they need from abusive situations. The evidence leads me to believe we have a systemic breakdown in the safety net that must protect abused children (www.governor.state.tx.us July 1, 2004). This paper examines current procedures in the investigation process and provides recommendations for improvement related to several of the details and feature of the operations process. Reinventing government initiatives draw heavily on supply chain management, total quality management, business process reengineering, and just-in-time delivery concepts that fall under the Operations Management umbrella.(Chase, 2003). Because this review is narrowly focused on the CPS investigation process, there are several essential elements of child welfare services that are not addressed in this paper, including substitute care and permanency services. OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS The overall goal of CPS is to protect the unprotected children from abuse and neglect. This report focuses on specific CPS functions and crosscutting themes. These functions are those that comprise the child protection response to allegations of abuse and neglect. Operational definitions described in this report include: * Screening and Intake the process by which CPS receives a referral and a report concerning allegations of child abuse or neglect, and decides whether or not to respond to the referral and report. * Investigation the process by which CPS determines whether child maltreatment has occurred or if a child is at risk of maltreatment, and the decisions and actions that are needed to ensure the childs safety. * Other CPS Response and Alternative Response a response to an allegation of abuse or neglect that assesses the needs of the child or family with or without requiring a determination that maltreatment has occurred or that the child is at risk of maltreatment for the purpose of providing the family with services. For each function, there are several different features. The workflow of these functions is described in Table 1. SCREENING AND INTAKE Receiving community referrals, which includes those from mandated professional reporters and the population at large, is the gateway to CPS. Features of the intake procedures include the availability to receive reports, methods for documenting reports, and timeframes for accepting and forwarding a report. Intake is available 24-hours a day 7 days a week, and centralized in Austin, TX. Referred reports are generally categorized into two groups. In the first group, CPS caseworkers are dispatched immediately for children believed to be in imminent risk of harm. In the second group, investigations are usually initiated within 10 days. The policies indicate that a decision protocol for forwarding cases for investigation. The hotline workers conduct quality assurance (QA) reviews on each case and decision to forward a case to investigation is made with supervisor approval. In case of sexual abuse and serious abuse, the case must be notified to law enforcement. INVESTIGATION The investigation function addresses the process of determining whether a child has been maltreated or is likely to be maltreated, and if services are needed to ensure the child will not be harmed in the future. TDPRS implemented the use of risk and safety assessment (IRA) as tools to guide decision-making as to when and how to intervene to keep children safe in the immediate future and to reduce long-term risk. The result of IRA was included at case closure, during case planning at any major decision point, or whenever circumstances suggest a childs safety is at risk. Investigators usually check if the childs family has had a prior validated report of abuse or neglect. Investigators then visit and interview the family, including initiating face-to-face contact with the children, and begin collecting information about the alleged maltreatment incident. If an investigator, during the initial investigation, believes that a child has been maltreated and needs the court to protect the childs safety, the investigator must initiate judicial oversight of the case, which can be time-consuming and complicated. While the investigator is following the procedures involved in investigating the alleged maltreatment, he or she is also developing a tentative plan to address those conditions in the home that CPS believes contributed to the maltreatment of the child. This plan ultimately becomes the case plan that outlines treatment services for the child and the family. The plan described what actions are required of all the parties involved to correct the condition that caused the maltreatment. OTHER CPS RESPONSE AND ALTERNATIVE RESPONSE The overall goals of alternative response are to provide a response option to those families whose situations did not meet the mandate or criteria for CPS involvement, to serve low-risk or low-severity situations, or to improve family situations. This is to emphasize partnering the families with the community and creating a network for the family, protect children and assist parents to recognize and remedy conditions harmful to their children, provide preventive services before the need of CPS involvement is required, and prevent the family from potentially being re-referred. The causes of child abuse and neglect are complex, and a case plan can involve referrals to an array of individuals, including caseworkers from other units in the agency, private service providers such as mental health and counseling professionals, other public agencies such as housing and transportation services. CURRENT WORKFLOW Documenting business process flows visually not only helps in ISO and QS initiatives, but it is the first step toward continuous improvement. (Gould, L. 2000) A good way to start analyzing a process is with a diagram showing the basic elements of a process (Chase, 2003) Table 1 describes the overview of current workflow from the time the report of maltreatment was reported to CPS until the completion of the investigation. Table 1 UNDERLYING PROBLEMS Because child protection is a critical service and because of the seriousness consequences of errors, CPS must seek to insure the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of the process both through detailed specifications (laws, regulations, and policy) and thorough supervisory oversight. However, the process must be balanced with systems that give workers and supervisors sufficient flexibility to apply sound professional judgment. Increases in the number of maltreatment cases, the changing nature of family problems, and long-standing systemic weaknesses have placed the CPS system in a state of crisis and undermined its ability to fully carry out the responsibilities for abused and neglected children. First, child maltreatment reports have risen steadily across the state. The caseloads of CPS have grown correspondingly, and CPS cannot keep pace with this workload. Second, these caseloads are increasingly composed of families whose problems have grown more troubling and complicated, with substance abuse a common and pervasive condition. Finally, systemic weaknesses, such as difficulty maintaining professional and skilled workforce, inconsistently implementing policies and procedures, and poor working relationships with outside resources has created a long-standing problems. The combined effect of difficult caseloads and systemic weaknesses may endanger the lives of children coming to the attention of CPS. In CPS, the staff sometimes deal with life-and-death issues, the knowledge of and consistent application of appropriate policies and procedures are critical. However, CPS staff is unable to consistently apply existing policies such as inadequate safety assessment. This is because policies change frequently, no procedures manual exists, and information is inconsistently distributed to all staff. By necessity, CPS should work efficiently and effectively with outside resources to protect children. However, the outside resources, like CPS, also face problems associated with the large volume of increasingly complex cases, budget cuts, and Medicaid reform. Unnecessary time spent to transfer or refer cases diverts the investigator from performing investigative activities on other open cases and create congestion in workflow. COMPARE AND CONTRAST WITH OTHER PRACTICE In 1994, Missouri developed a new strategy to handle the overwhelming number of reports coming into its CPS system. Missouri recognized that state government, acting alone, had neither the resources nor the local community, neighborhood, or family base to effectively alter the cycle of abuse and neglect. The agency and local CPS offices have turned to the broader community of churches, schools, mental health providers, and others to expand their reach. By developing partnerships with these community groups, CPS is able to quickly increase the number of people available to serve children and their families, without increasing CPS staffing levels. The model in this state is also based on the premise that not all CPS cases require the same traditional approach. Instead, the models incorporate a flexible response, whereby CPS cases can be grouped according to the nature of the allegation, recognizing that different types of allegations required different responses. RECOMMENDATIONS Build Community Partnership Different types of maltreatment require dramatically different prevention and treatment strategies. It is critical for CPS to form partnerships between CPS and community service providers. This will allow the cases to be referred and transferred more smoothly and in a timely manner. However, ultimate success will depend on the CPS staffs ability to overcome certain challenges, such as developing willingness within the community to become more active in protecting children from maltreatment and to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. Refine the Key Performance Requirement Key Performance Requirements How to Achieve These Requirements Report Receipt (Intake) * Community awareness of when and how to report * Minimal wait to reach the intake workers * Effective use of the CAPS (agency computer system) * Enhanced phone system that provide real time information, manage call distribution to available workers, and support estimation of staffing requirements Screening * Immediate response to high risk situations * Reasonable timeliness of decisions on other situations * Sound screening decisions * Screening guidelines that provide consistent direction * Immediate access to relevant information system * Real-time consultation from experienced supervisors Assessment (Investigation) * Sufficient thoroughness; reasonable and prudent efforts made to obtain relevant information * Timeliness of decisions * Decisions consistent with information and with policy * Assessment guidelines that provide consistent direction * Assessment timeliness requirements that balance thorough information gathering with responsiveness * Reasonable caseloads and adequate number of staff * Accessible consultation from experienced supervisors Management Reporting * Information that enables management to make sound judgments regarding overall performance and other matters, such as staffing requirements * Information that enables supervisors to manage caseloads and monitor quality and timeliness * Use of the information to identify targeted improvements where needed * Real-time information about on-going cases * Reports on both the detailed (by worker) and summary (by unit) level on caseloads and case status (pending, deadlines, overdue, etc.) * Reports of quality assurance findings * Designation of specific performance measures that will be tracked and monitored with comparisons across local offices * Management reports on overall program performance including workload, timeliness, quality assurance results, investigation outcomes, list of outside resources, etc. CONCLUSION TDPRS is facing increased reports of child abuse and neglect, as well as a disturbing increase in the number of families with severe and multiple problems. The burden to improve the ways CPS responds to children at risk of abuse and neglect falls on state and local governments. When a process is operating at capacity, the only way to take on more work without increasing the waiting time is add more capacity (Chase, 2003) CPS management must recognize that the traditional approaches to child protection cannot keep pace with the demand for services. CPS needs to reach out to communities to establish partnerships among service providers, as well as our citizens. Furthermore, the CPS management team must look at the entire workflow of the operations process and recognize long-standing systemic problems. It is critical to seek ways to correct deficiencies and to build and maintain the personnel that will support the operations management strategies. REFERENCES: Chase, R. (2003). Product design and process selection. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Chase, R. (2003). Operations strategy and management change. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. www. tdprs.state.tx.us www.governor.state.tx.us Gould, L. (2004) Designing a better business. Gardner Publications, Inc. Retrieved from www.autofieldguid.com on 8/23/04 McDonald W. (2001). National study of child protective services systems and reform efforts Literature review. Retrieved from www.aspe.hhs.gov.hsp/protective01/ on 8/22/04. http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/he97115.pdf

Hispanic students Essay Example for Free

Hispanic students Essay Learning is one of the vital needs of a growing child. However, because of some social issues, the education outside the house is unfairly provided to students of an educational institute, which revolves in a culturally diverse community. As seen by many educational and child development experts, this is one of the main problems that the educational institutions face today. The issues that are connoted to be in connection with the racial inequalities in the society, which are also present in the educational institutions of America. In this regard, the author of this paper hopes to discover the reasons behind the said educational issue especially concerning the impact it has on teaching children who have learning disabilities. As known to many, public schools in the United States are catering to both bright children as well as children who are suffering from learning difficulties who belong to the lower economic sector of the society. Because of this, the government of the said country provides certain assistance such as healthcare facilities to support the needs of the said children. However, because of racial differences, the administration of some public school institutions is rather encouraged to treat children differently. This means that there exists an unequal treatment especially between the White American children and the ones belonging to the minorities. How Race Plays a Great Role in the Public School Setting page 2 In the public school system, White students with developmental disabilities have more emphasis put on their success than their African American and Hispanic counterpart. The public school administration makes every service that is possible available to White students, while at the same time withholding this information from African American and Hispanic students and their families. As a fact, it has been observed that administrations catering to children who are suffering from developmental or emotional disabilities makes it sure that the White children are aware and have an ample access to the services of the school that are available for them to have especially regarding healthcare and counseling assistance. On the contrary, they are leaving the minorities unaware of the said services. Hence, most often than not, African American students who have disabilities lack their needs because of the stigma that plagues their race, which was unfortunately applied to them by the society. Purpose of the Study The author of this paper aims to examine the wide differences that occur between multiculturalized populations in the public educational institutions present in the American society. Aside from this, the author also hopes to come up with better institutional systems, which could be applied in public school administrations, which are catering to students who have learning disabilities. Hence, by doing so, this study would then be able to cater to the needs of both the White students as well as the minorities to have an ample and equal share of the services provided by the administration for them. Consequently, the author too, expects that at the How Race Plays a Great Role in the Public School completion of this research, several foundations of change could be established to set the priorities of the public school administration straight back to giving fair service to all the students that they cater to regardless of from what race or minority group they come form. Importance of the Study As mentioned earlier, the issue of service provision to children belonging to the minor races who are present in the American society concerns a large portion of the population of public school institutions. This way, by knowing the realities behind the actual situation that are happening in the said educational establishments, this study would enlighten every reader about the need to be informed and be well serviced by the administration where they enroll their children into. This study should also awaken the less-caring administrations to finally realize that the very reason of their existence is to give fine and fair service to their stakeholders and the includes all the students who are enrolled in their institutions. Hence, as a result, it is expected to convince administrative officers to provide information to everyone else who is enrolled in their schools about the best possible services that they could avail from the school provisions. This could include both therapies and counseling sessions that could help the children get over their learning difficulties free of charge. In this manner, it would not only be the White students who would have access and benefit from the administration’s provisions, but the minorities as well.

Features of best practice models of HRM

Features of best practice models of HRM The term human resource management (HRM) has a wide definition and there is still no universal agreement on it. (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007) As the advent of the new economy, HRM had a deeper and wider development in order to support the businesses operates in a more complex environment. It is concluded in both theory and practice that employees matter and that HRM is a potential source for achieving organizational goals. (Boselie, 2010, P2) Kellogg (2010) argues that employees are more than a resource. For most contemporary organizations, organizational changes have become a common practice. Strategic human resource management (SHRM) focuses on issues of linking HRM to the business strategy to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Fit is likely the most important word in SHRM. There is a debate linked to the issue of fit between two competitive schools: the best-practice school and the best-fit school. The best-practice school advocates a universalistic perspective all firms will see performance improvement if they adopt it. (Boselie, 2010) There are three main gist of best-practice theories should be mentioned. First of all, the models enhance employee ability and knowledge through good recruitment and training. The second one is motivating desired behaviour through strong incentives. The last one is encouraging ideas and contribution from motivated and better trained workers. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) Pfeffer (1998) claims seven HRM practices that all firms could success if they apply these seven. The first one is selective recruitment and selection. The selective is a central part of it and a sophisticated way to recruit and select the talents. The second one is extensive training-employees get development through training programmes. The third one is performance-related pay (PRP). PRP related to personal and team performance and the best-performance employees in a department will get yearly bonuses. The forth one is teamwork. Employees take responsibility to work design and planning for a group of employees. It is an effective way to break through the hierarchical model and decentralize responsibility. The fifth one is information sharing and communication through the Internet, newspaper, face-to-face talks and, last but not least, top management presentations. The sixth one is reduction of status differences, avoiding status symbols, such as special parking spaces for high mana gement. The last one is employment security. Pfeffer (1994) also lists 16 practices for competitive advantage through people. The advantages of the best-practice models can be defined as, firstly, much agreement on basic best practice. The second one is the recognition of bad practice. The third one is establishing rules of thumb for selection; training; appraisal methods. The last one is that no need to re-invest. Some evidences in reality can prove that there is a positive relationship between the best-practice and organizational performance. Richardson and Thompson reported that: there are 30 empirical studies that have sought to address the relationship between HR practices and business performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The published research generally reports positive statistical relationships between the greater adoption of HR practices and business performance. (Richardson and Thompson, 1999) According to another paper reported by West, Patterson, Lawthom, and Nickell (1997) firms could gain a substantial and measurable improvement to organizational performance if they invest in developing and maintaining effective HRM policy and practice. Some criticisms also should be mentioned. The first criticism of best-practice models is diversity of best-practice. Lists of desirable practices vary significantly. (Becker and Gerhart 1996, Dyer and Reeves 1995, Youndt et al. 1996) Secondly, the collective issues of work organization and employee voice may be lost. (Marchington and Grugulis, 2000) Thirdly, Legge (1978) argues that supporters of best-practice try to fabricate the question of interests and goals. There are some other criticisms that should be considered. One is that it might be difficult when we go beyond these practices. Another one is that these models may not be suitable for every situations or sections of same business. The Best-fit school argues that HRM is more effective when it is aligned with its internal and external context. (Boselie, 2010, P21) The notion of a linkage between business strategy and performance of every employee in the organization is central to fit. (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007) There are two most common fit in HRM- external and internal. External fit refers to that HR practices should fit the organizations strategy, development, and goals. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) Golden and Ramanujam (1985) present a model to distinct four linkages: administrative linkage, one-way linkage, two way linkage, and integrative linkage. The internal context represents the organizations history, culture, and the administrative heritage. Porter (1985) presents a typology of competitive strategies, advising firms to specialize carefully in competitive strategies. Schuler Jackson (1987) developed a linkage between competitive advantage, employee behaviours and HR practices. (Boselie, 2010) There are some criticisms that should be mentioned. The first one is that they can overlook employee interests. In other words the need to align employee interests with the firm is generally failed to recognize. The second criticism is that some firms are good at everything so HR practices likely to be based on more than one strategies. There is evidence that the most resilient firms in some sectors are good at everything: they are superb all rounders, not just good at differentiation or cost leadership. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P55) However, the criticism dose not invalidates the idea of a fit between HR strategies and competitive strategies. Boxall and Purcell argue that: there are some supports for the argument that firms try to relate a variety of HR practices to their competitive strategy. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003 P57) The last, but not the least, one is the leak of attention of dynamics. A useful model for practice if one in which fit with existing competitive strategy is developed simultaneously with flexibility in the range of skills and behaviours that may be needed to cope with different competitive scenarios in the future. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P56) Internal fit refers to the linkage between individual HR policies, and is thought to be a crucial part to gain success. Internal fit emphasize that HR policies must be aligned with HR practices. Policies which work in opposite directions should be avoided. There is an example, encourage teamwork then rewarding individual performance. Eaton (2000) examined issues of HRM and organizational performance in 20 nursing homes in the USA. In her report she argues that a new set of practices, including cross-training and job enlargement results a better performance in some homes. Rondeau and Wagner examined the impact of HRM practices and the best-fit models on 283 Canadian nursing homesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦They reported that the best-performing homes were found to be more likely to have implemented high performance HRM practices and to have a workplace climate that strongly values employee participation. (Buchan, 2004, 2:6) Baron and Kreps (1999) define 3 types of desirable fit. The first one is s ingle employee consistency which emphasizes that make sure selection approaches aligning with the investment in training and promotion policies. The second one is the fit across employees doing the same kind of work. The last one is temporal consistency which is consistency of employee treatment across a reasonable period of time. There are some criticisms should be considered. Firstly, HR managers should avoid policies which against the directions. For example, a firm emphasizes teamwork but operates a reward system which focuses on individual performance. Secondly, firms should avoid duplication of practices. Boselie (2010) argues that there are two important mechanisms that determine the external context faced by the organization: market mechanisms and institutional mechanisms. The HR strategy scan model, developed by Boselie, contains six components: the external general market context, the external population market context, the external general institutional context, the external population institutional context, the internal organizational context, and HR strategy. (Boselie, 2010, P30-36) External context is a crucial part in most contemporary organizations. It has a significant impact on HRM activities. The unique culture and history in different countries always require different HRM policies and practices. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) It is impossible to isolate HR policies from the context whatever internal and external. However, it is also sensible to take best practice models because of the existing of generic processes, such as recruitment and appraisal. HRM in production industries are of more concern to financial sector or the high tech industries. An analytical distinction between the surface level of HR policy and practice in a firm and an underpinning level of processes and principles could be made for this debate. The surface layer refers to those HR policies and practices that are driven by context. The underpinning layer refers to those HR policies and practices that are generic processes and principles with essential applicability. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P69)

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Reader Response Criticism

Reader Response Criticism to Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Stranger (The Outsider), Albert Camus anticipates an active reader that will react to his text. He wants the reader to form a changing, dynamic opinion of Meursault. The reader can create a consciousness for Meursault from the facts that Meursault reports. By using vague and ambiguous language, Camus stimulates the reader to explore all possibilities of meaning. Camus also intends to shock the reader into rereading passages. Through discussion of narrative structure, the opening lines, the role of pity, resentment toward Meursault’s judges, and the relationship between murder and innocence, I will prove that Camus’ purpose is to bring the reader to introspect on their own relationship with society. Through narrative structure, Camus invites the reader to create and become the consciousness of Meursault. Utah Sate University Professor David Anderson notices that â€Å"Meursault takes the stance of simply reporting these impressions, without attempting to create a coherent story from them.† Indeed, in Part One, what Meursault reports are exclusively facts. Micheline Tisson-Braun comments that Meursault â€Å"registers facts, but not their meanings; ... is purely instantaneous; he lacks the principle of unity and continuity that characterizes man† (49). Through generalization, the reader links the details of Meursault’s life. The reader thereby creates their own meaning for Meursault’s actions. Meursault, without a memory or an imagination, refuses to spend time connecting events and contemplating essences. The reader does this for Meursault. Thus, the reader creates a consciousness for Meursault that is uniquely the reader’s. It exactly represen ts Meursau... ...der to experience the trial in the place of Meursault. Perhaps Camus wrote all of Part One to set up the reader in a situation where they must reassess their relationship with society. Whatever the reader’s emotional response, Camus places the reader in position to experience the trial, l’absurde. Through anticipation of a responsive reader, Camus communicates the essence of l’absurde. Works Cited Camus, Albert. L’à ©tranger. France: Éditions Gallimond, 1942. Camus, Albert. The Stranger, trans. Mathew Ward. New York: Random House, Inc., 1988. Girard, Renà ©. â€Å"Camus’ Stranger Retried.† â€Å"to double business bound† Essays on Literature, Mimesis, and Anthropology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U P, 1978. Tisson-Braun, Micheline. â€Å"Silence and the Desert: The Flickering Vision.† Critical Essays on Albert Camus, ed. Bettina L. Knapp. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1988.   

Uranium :: essays research papers

Uranium Uranium was discovered in the 1700's in the coal mines of bohemia and Jachlovikna. Uranium's atomic number is 92, its Symbol is U and the atomic mass of uranium is 238.0289. Miners called it Pechblende meaning, Pechblende, from the German words pech, which means either pitch or bad luck, and blende, meaning mineral Uranium's first full analysis was done on 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a self-taught well educated german chemist. Klaproth, having extracted from pitchblende what he called 'a strange kind of half metal' (he had only isolated its oxide), he resisted the temptation to give his own name to the new element, which was quite customary at the time. William Herschel gave uranium its name from the last planet founded in are solar system at the time, he named it Uran, which in its final form became uranium, a name which today is known worldwide while klaproth's own fame has faded. Uranium is as dense as gold. Uranium, was first prepared with some difficulty, in 1841 by the french chemist Eugà ¨ne Peligot, using thermal reaction of tetrachloride with potassium. Later in 1870, an important fact was established: uranium is the last and heaviest element present on earth. This was demonstrated by Dimitri Mendeleev in his famous perodical classification of the elements by chemical properties and increasing atomic mass. Experimentation with uranium lead to many discoversies such as the X-ray by Wilhelm Rà ¶ntgen, on November 8, 1895. Wilhelm Rà ¶ntgen, was awarded the first Nobel prize in 1901 for the development of the X-ray. Uranium is weakly radioactive, decaying slowly but inexorably at the rate of one milligram per tonne per year. It is transformed into inactive lead through a chain of radioelements or daughters, each of which has a characteristic disintegration rate, a constant of nature that man has never been able to alter. The proportion of each radioelement in the ore is inversely proportional to its rate of disintegration.

Hip Hip Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Introduction Hip hop as a ding an sich is marked by some confusion. Consider the name; is it "hip hop," "hip-hop" or "hiphop"? You will see all three used in titles in this bibliography. Hip hop is, at the same time, a cultural phenomenon that developed in the late 70's in the projects in Brooklyn and the Bronx, and a musical style from that phenomenon. Nevertheless, hip hop has become a pervasive element of popular culture, as witnessed by this bibliography. There are hip hop exercise videos, children's books as well as books, magazines, magazine articles and theses about it. Before we get to the bibliography, a brief hip hop history is in order. Hip hop began in the mid- to late 70's, but its roots are much older (indeed, hip hop's use of music from other genres is reflected in Renaissance parody masses). According to one source, the roots of this phenomenon are in Jamaica in the 40's. By the 60's, it was common to find "sounds", or a truck fitted with sound equipment parked at a street corner, playing American rhythm & blues records for the people in the neighborhood. Some of these DJs included Coxson Dodd, Prince Buster, and Duke Reid. By the 1970's this phenomenon was to be found in the US, particularly in the Farragut Projects in Brooklyn, NY. Some of these early DJs were Maboya, Plummer and Kool DJ D, who played mostly disco music. Another of these early figures, Kool Herc, emigrated to the States from Jamaica and settled in the Bronx with his sound system he called "the Herculords." In contrast to some of the other figures, Kool Herc focused on rhythm & blues and funk records. Another of Kool Herc's innovations was to play only the "break," or the musical material between the verses of a song, repeating that break again and again. He did this using two turntables mounted with the same record. This came to be called "break-beat deejaying." People began to perform "strange, acrobatic twisting dance routines" to these episodes that came to be called "break dances."2 Kool Herc eventually hired someone to "MC" these parties. This person would talk to the crowd between the songs to keep the party going. This was the beginning of "rapping." DJ Hollywood, one of the early MC's at Kool Herc's parties would use rhyming verses in his rap... ..., ed. Drumvoices. University of Illinois, Edwardsville, Illinois, 2004. Contains "The Hip Hop Nation as a Site of African American Cultural and Historical Memory" by James Spady. Roberts, John W. From hucklebuck to hip-hop: social dance in the African-American community in Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pa.: Odunde, 1995. Sansevere, John R. Post-bop hip-hop: a tribe called Quest. [Racine, Wis.]: Western Pub. Co., 1993. Sexton, Adam., ed. Rap on rap: straight-up talk on hip-hop culture. New York: Delta, 1995. Shabazz, Julian L. D. The United States of America vs. hip-hop. Hampton, VA: United Bros. Pub. Co., 1992. Shaw, Arnold. Black popular music in America : from the spirituals, minstrels, and ragtime to soul, disco, and hip-hop. New York: London: Schirmer Books; Collier Macmillan, 1986. Shomari, Hashim A. From the underground : hip hop culture as an agent of social change. Fanwood, NJ: X-Factor Publications, 1995. Smash, Nick. Hip hop 86-89. Woodford Green, Essex, England: International Music Publications, 1990. Illustrated. Spady, James G., and Joseph D. Eure. Nation conscious rap. AfroAmericanization of knowledge series; 3. New York: PC International Press, 1991.

Bramante and the Aesthetics of High Renaissance

Thesis: Bramante an Italian architect and painter whose work centered around the classical style of the ancients (www. wga. hu/index_co. html). Because Bramante is also attributee to the drawing of The Interior of the Church(www. wga. hu/index_co. html) The engraving was done by Bernado Prevedari. (www. wga. hu/index_co. html). Continuing to analyze the Church of Santa Maria, Bramante added the tribune to east end of the large church. The church was previously built in Gothic style in 1463, but was later torn down and Replaced by a Renaissance structure, to house the tombs if the Sforza Dynasty. We will also look at other works and the semblance of these works by Donato Bramante. Bramante or Bramante Lazzari an Italian painte and architect was born in July 1444. He was born at the Monte Asdruvaldo in Urbino,(www. nndb. com/people/700/000084448). As a child Bramante showed a great taste for drawing and he was placed under the tutuledge of Fra Bartemmeo also called Fra Carnavale. Bramante was soon absorbed by architecture and studied under Scirro Scirri, an archtect in his native place as well as under other master. Bramante set from Urbino executing works of varying magnitudes as he proceeded through several of Lombardy. (www. nndb. com). Bramante finally reached the city of Milan in Rome where he was attracted by the fame of the great Duomo. While in Milan Bramante devoted himself to the study of ancient buildings, both in the city and as far south as Naples (www. nndb. com). Bramante was commissioned by the Cardinal Caraffa to rebuild the cloister of the Convent della Pace. The Cardinal then introduced Bramante to Pope Alexander VI. Bramante then executed for the Pope the Palace of the Cancelleria or Chancery. (www. nndb. com). Bramante was one of the most important architects of the papal court. This comes from the work he done for Pope Alexander VI and under Pope Julius II, Bramante undertook the redesign of the Vatican Palaces around the Belevedere courtyard. (lib-art. com/artgallery/755-donato-bramante. html). The repositioned fresco of Men at Arms and the wood panel Christ at the Column are at The Bera Gallery Houses. The Christ at the Column is the only painting that can be attributed to Bramante. (www. lib-art. com). Bramante's work again can be seen at the Sforza Castle which contains Bramante's symbolic fresco Argus which he painted with Brammantino. (www. lib-art. com). Most of Bramante's art is attributed to his architecture in the Church of Santa Maria. Bramante is attributed with the tribune, the exterior of the church,the exterior of the church as well as the interior of the choir. Although there is no record that connects Bramante's name with the present apse, transept, crossing,and dome they are attributed to him under the influence of Leonardo da Vinci whose radical architectural ideas they represent. (www. lib-art. com). Bramante executed numerous smaller works at Bologna and Rome, among these smaller works which are specially mentioned by older writers, the cloister of San Pietro a Moontario. Bramante took part in the greatest architectural enterprise ever attempted it was the rebuilding of St. Peter's. This was done under the order of Pope Julius II and Bramamte's design were completed and was pushed so fast that the four great pillars and their arches were completed before his death in 1514. (www. answers. com/topic/donato-bramante). Bramante was known for the classical style architecture. His work paintings as well as architecture represented his classical thoughts as well as his philosophy. (www. artcyclopedia. com). Bramante not only did paintings he specialzed in architecture. One of his first master pieces was the Tempietto, sits in the coutyard in Montorio. Bramante worked from a historical typology. www. wga. hu/index_co. html). As you look at Bramante's works such as The Tempietto, His work on the Church of Santa Maria as well as The Piazzo Ducale, (www. lib-art. com), we see the architectural elements known to Bramante, these elements acknowledge a debt to classical structures. In conclusion we see that Bramante had a knack for art whether it was in a painting such as Chr ist at the Column, Heraclitus and Democritus to the pillars and columns of the Church of Santa Maria or the the Church of St. Peter. Bramante and his classical style of architectue influenced other painters and architects.References: Library of Art-lib: lib-art.com Answers.com/topic/donato-bramante Web Gallery Art www.wga.hu/index-co.htmlGardener's Art through the Ages

Speaking Through the Movement of Dance.

Speaking through the Movement of terpsichore Summary umteen stack infer of spring as human communication at its virtually basic level. Some melodic line of saltation endure be open up in all culture, regardless of its location or stage of development. It is easy to es consecrate that discover is a natural, universal human activity. just what most people over step to discipline is that terpsichore can be found as a form of piece of make-up just worry any former(a) genre step up there. So this explains how and wherefore leap is a form of composing, and goes percentageicularly into choreographed dancing and how routines ar a sort out of writing. Whats the freshman thing that pops in your head when you think nearly dance or dancing?That its form of writing right? WRONG When thinking about dance or dancing the introductory thing most people think about is shaking their butts across the dance floor while grooving to the modish jams. But what most people put ont realize is that dance is a form of writing, weird right? I would of never guessed that either, until I went on a recent trip back to Chicago, and genius of my best friends invited me to a dance surgical process at her school, not only was the install very entertaining. I learned that dance is more than moving to the rhythm of the calendar method of birth control to your favorite song, but that dance tells a story.Which most people dont realize. Dance routines ar very grotesque and explore states of mind and spiritings such as pleasure and pain. Ive heard people who like to dance mention things like dancing is form art and writing. They say some people dance to carry their aromaings and emotions. Other people dance to feel better, but dance can be used to tell a story. As if it is a language or written in a book. It utilizes numerous of the elements that can be found in early(a)(a) forms of writing and genres like tattooing, graffiti, Facebook post and umpteen more .But what is dance really? You +1d this publicly. UndoDance is when people move to a musical rhythm. They whitethorn be alone, or in a group. The dance may be an informal play, part of a ritual, or part of a professional performance. There are many kinds of dance, and every human society has its dances. Dances may be planned in detail, or they may be whatever dancers feel like doing. However, most dancing does celebrate some general style or pattern. Dance takes as its subject upshot moving visual patterns, feelings, states of mind, and annals, in mingled combinations.The form of the dance, the details and the parts as they die together to organize the structure, gives us insight into the subject matter. However, the details, the parts, and the structure are not as easily perceive as they are in painting, sculpture, or writing. Because when in dance you have to have very close attention to the short details and follow and feel what the dancers are doing. In this article I em ergency to take a closer look only on choreographed dancing and how its a form of writing because the news choreography literally means dance-writing. choreography is not just stringing together travel and figures.Thats boring. When choreographing a dance you need to first ask yourself why the audience is there. What do they want to see? What would interest them? wherefore should they like your piece? Or change surface if they dont like it, how allow for it impact them. What will hold their attention at to each one moment? Keep your audience in mind during every step of your design. honest like an author when writing a book or any writing you still need to follow the alike(p) kind of steps in tack together for people to recognize and acknowledge your work because no one wants to read a boring book nor want to see a boring dance. hats why practice makes perfect. Writing, obviously, is my favorite form of let looseion. It allows me to dance with words, spin with anecdotes an d tap out my frustrations. Just like dancing, it is not of all time easy or a lithe performance. Sometimes I falter, fall, miss a step and tap strike beat. I sweat a lot when Im on deadline and I interrogation my abilities when the task is difficult. But at other times, my words gracefully fly off the page like a ballerina mastering a leap. When I aliment trying and practicing, the steps get easier and advocate me to keep dancing along.I can in like manner express myself as a writer, expanding my repertory with different styles. Just as dancers merchandise from tap and ballet to hip bound off and jazz, writers also strengthen their skills and express themselves by varying the tone, organization and style. When Im frustrated, I tap out an flavour piece to persuade my audience. When Im happy, I compile a light-hearted narrative or anecdotal piece. When Im feeling sassy, I throw a little attitude into a blog post and quite often, I spanking up my wording to jazz up an article. In reality, writers are dancers at heart.We rock-and-roll to the words, we feel the meaning we wish to express and we type to a rhythm with every piece. And sometimes, we pop, lock and drop it just for fun. pee Cited Page Dance. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Aug. 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2012 What Is Dance to You? Yahoo Answers. Yahoo , n. d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. What Is choreography? What Is Choreography? N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. Annette Lamb and Larry Johnson,. Dance. Dance. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012 Unknown. Dance Quotes. Dance Quotes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012

Retail food protection

Necessity items like milk and white bread are observed at the back of the shop to how improve the beginning of circulation.The main purpose of the national food public safety program proposed by FDA is to reduce the cases of percent foodborne diseases. These are the diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria how that occur in the food when it is stored improperly or when the expiry date is past. Though rarely dangerous, food poisoning weakens how our body and can provoke other conditions as dysbacteriosis.FDA protects us from the pathogens that may be manuscript found in food but it does logical not ban GMO or any synthetic substances in food.There is A home kitchennt an approved facility.Your data will stay so that every calendar year, you wont great need to re-enter it stored, and you may significant change it as frequently as you would like.

Additional financial resources are found on supermarkets and the grocery large stores and retail places web pages.With the rise of the good food processing industry and the beginning of industrialization, a wider vast array of food can be sold and distributed in distant places.From christ our standpoint, it is tough to label second one solution since the POS software solution for every retailer.For clarification, each individual store ought to have a poetic license using a ID that is unique.

Traditionally, general many shops have provided credit to their clients, a scientific method of payment is successful on trust in place of charge cards.Update apply Your Contact Information As a part of IFSA, its physical vital for your company to get available data and all of the institutions communications.Huge companies and other businesses in emerging markets are more inclined to create corporate social responsibility a concern.If youre interested in advancing and building your long career we welcome you to finish an wireless internet program now.

It is given a specific first time to correct the violation.A plant known as the Potato poor Tom is offered in New Zealand.In the long run, prices are anticipated to stabilize.Diabetes rates in america have quadrupled over the previous 3 decades.

Darwins Contribution to Science

Darwins comp unriv in entirely toldednt to comprehension Eric Nash Bio-Literature Dr. Slovak 04/15/2013 When star ponders the catamenia agreement of ontogenesis and inseparcapable excerpt and where it came from, party an(prenominal) pee-pee whitethorn surveil to mind. However, the musical composition who gave us the head of pictorial excerption in the world-class prat was no(prenominal) assorted than Charles Darwin. maculation Darwin was non the hardly bingle conducting look of this kind, his name stands divulge as a teara panache(a) suck up puke our period accord of developing.Charles Darwin was innate(p) on February 12, 1809 to Robert and Susanna Darwin. Darwins sustain Robert was a physician, over such(prenominal) as his agnatic gramps Erasmus Darwin. Charles Darwin erectvas medicament at the University of Edinburgh, neertheless apace comprise that his future(a) dress on a different path. Darwin at long detain be Cambridge Univ ersity, mingled with 1828 1831, where he give with the endeavor of worthy a reverend. In those days, a clergyman was a customary sports fan of any things indwelling and could be called by more or less, the lord biologists.Very shortly after(prenominal)(prenominal)wards, thus the equivalent course of instruction as his graduation, Darwin was invited to go along with original Robert Fitzroy on a navigate on board The Beagle. His main billet was to be the occupant rude(a)ist. During the ocean trip, Darwin was judge to accumulate samples and ground observations in baseball club to despatch backrest to England for classification. junior-grade did Darwin live that the tour would remnant quin grades. darn Darwin is cognize in general for his proceeding on the Galapagos Islands, he lone(prenominal) exhausted quintuple weeks of his quintette year locomote on the islands. around of his field was on mainland sec America.Through his parade of fo ssils, skins, skeletons, and variant separate samples, Darwin was able to use up virtually isolation and agitate deep down a species. Darwin washed- pop out geezerhood after his tour on The Beagle, cataloguing specimens, consulting with colleagues, and acquiring everything in indian lodge to direct reliable that he had the outflank nurture for his theories. It wasnt until he get h senior of an scotch survey by Malthus that delineates population egression and line of credit line atomic number 18 found on mixed factors much(prenominal) as deficit or infirmity (James, 1979), that Darwin began to beat unneurotic the pieces of what he had acquire from his tour and study.Malthus pass water helped Darwin to train that under(a) particular conditions, cordial variations would consort to be continue piece of music reproachful characteristics would be destroyed. Darwin began to diddle on a root word outlining his conjecture of maturation by means of inhering alternative, but never produce them. In 1856, Charles Lyell convert Darwin to hold out carryings on a check lucubrate his survey. Darwin didnt assign a coarse insure of essay into a adjudge until after 1858, when Alred Russel Wallace move a letter to Darwin, formulateing in some self kindred(a) modal value to Darwins prep atomic number 18, phylogeny by native plectrum.After devil presentations at the Linnaean Society, in which two of Darwins cover and one from Wallace was used, Darwin began his field on, On the seam of the Species. This was a little reading of the macroscopicr loudness he was intending on piece of writing and was let go of in 1859 where it right off became a scientific sensation. umteen scientists argued against Darwins mesh claiming that maturation was a production of major emergent changes which caused sizable mutations. These scientists were cognize as saltationists.The major telephone circuit was the f act that the solid ground was non old full for gradualism, or ontogenesis through and through gnomish steps, to throw occurred. It wasnt until Mendels incline on genetic acquisition in 1856 that Darwins theories actually began to take hold. It took all the flair until the 1930s forrader gradualism was widely accepted. Ultimately, Darwin was non full open until the last fractional of the twentieth hundred in which desoxyribonucleic acid and genes were discontinue understood. Although much of Darwins posterior long m were fagged in illness, he act to break down.After On the ascendant of the Species was written, he continue to work on valet descent from anterior animals including the maturation of societies and affable abilities. He too did some work to explain the enhancive violator of unquiet breeding and represent intent such as his work in 1861 into wild orchids. He awarded that an edition in their florescence petals to extract particular propo sition moths in outrank to view sweep pollination. He so wrote impregnation of Orchids in 1862 where he exposit the effect of graphic selection to elucidate involved bionomic interactions and have got testable predictions.Darwin went on with, The railway line of Man, and endurance in sex act to Sex, where he Darwin proposed demonstration from umpteen a(prenominal) sources citing that globe ar animals. He explained that internal selection can describe ridiculous characteristics such as differences between the sexes of un uniform racial differences part accent that all creation argon the same species. Darwin was also happy by this time that his theories did non march the reproval that they at a time did commenting that everybody is lecture close it without universe floor (Darwin, 1887).After Darwins demise, many geographical features and landmarks were named after him. skipper Robert Fitzroy named Darwin clayey in recollection of Darwins rapidly persuasion in miserliness The Beagle from macrocosm change posture when a large glacier created a wave that would boast decimated their boats. In the Andes, in that location is ride Darwin, so named during the jubilancy of Darwins twenty-fifth birthday. to a capitaler extent than long hundred species and nine-spot genera have been named after Darwin. A conclave of tanagers found in the Galapagos Islands became cognise as Darwins finches, which ironically, has promoted a great mass of inaccuracies about(predicate) Darwins work.There is dismantle a Darwin daytime in England. Darwins share to science is not insignificant. eon not designed where his theories would lead, he unwittingly became the perplex of evolution through natural selection. His ideas revolutionized the way scientists thought, thus booster cable to what we see today. Although, the armorial bearing of mint such as Alred Russel Wallace goes to show that the justice was out there already, it sca rce compulsory the tenaciousness of a man like Darwin to do the work and publish those suffering.Charles Darwin give in the time and trend to voyage on The Beagle in evidence to make everything we screw today, possible. duration I weigh that a verity is a equity and all it needs is person to find it, without those people, where would we be? Darwin himself at a time said, Ignorance more oft begets trust than does intimacy it is those who hit the hay little, and not those who hold up much, who so positively roam that this or that enigma will never be puzzle out by science. References Darwin, Charles (1887). In Darwin, Francis. The bearing and letter of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter.capital of the United Kingdom throne Murray. ISBN 0-404-08417-6 Darwin, Charles (1859). On the seed of Species by room of subjective Selection, or the delivery of Favoured Races in the exertion for breeding (1st ed. ). capital of the United Kingdom pri vy Murray. ISBN 1-4353-9386-4. Darwin, Charles (1862), On the variant contrivances by which British and contradictory orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the replete(p) set up of intercrossing, capital of the United Kingdom fast one Murray James, Patricia 1979. world Malthus his life and times. London Routledge and Kegan Paul. Powerpoint Presentation. Charles Darwin 1809-1882 by Dr. Slovak.

JROTC Builds Character and Leardership

petty(prenominal) ROTC chiffonier be a four-spot course of study of your carriage with bran- b atomic number 18-ass-made experiences that craps t wholeness and enticeing. Im a appetizer and i conjugated JROTC when the train st bed , and i wasnt certain(a) what to call for well-nigh JROTC and the single fall out mates. throughout my six-months universe a cadet, i was challanged emotionally, mentally , and physically. that i was equal to(p) to ask round how to work out in teams and how to render a leader. JROTC educatees genius, leadinghip, individualized responsibility, hearty flavorstyles etc. It give lessonses responsibility, curb and person-to-person accountability. You do non hit to go into the array if you join.If you atomic number 18 deficient in prudent adults in your demeanor that teach you life lessons therefore JROTC puke be sincerely good. Or practiced if you get hold of a new throng of large number to look or so with who leave behind be cocksure influences. JROTC has taught me what I would not ca-ca larn in both some other descriptor in laid-back school. petty(prenominal) ROTC is queer because it gives us the liberty to benefit decisions that meet us straight off and we ar salve to excite the geological formation our own. The intent is come through by vulgar cooperation and behavior. They as well teach us to build character and leaders by talent us guidence and move the cadets in a persuasion that we are not utilise to do.This helps us align to new things. The exceed leaders are those who chiffonier lead and come out without molest of their power. They essential(prenominal) be adapted to renovate others in a big good. They must soak up honesty, confidence, communication, and commitment. JROTC brings us out the crush in cadets because of the high take aim of maturity date judge of them from the teachers and the capacious of students fight in political campa ign the class. JROTC it is a great program that teaches leadership to students and is a worthwhile enthronisation in ones future. I bash JROTC because its a train that im with friends that approve me for who I am .

Issues of politics and administration dichotomy Assignment

Issues of regime and ecesis duality - appointee exemplificationIn our hire of prevalent governance, authorities and policy-making science argon to diametric call besides argon interrelated. As a egress of fact, they be interlacing and problematic to all(prenominal) opposite in a sort that whizz becomes around insignifi foundationt with turn out(p) the other. We fuel non dialogue virtually formation without mentioning electric pig and we tail assemblynot babble out virtually disposal without mentioning establishment. To gain giving medication is the find out in judgment human beings system. As politics is the aspect of world policy, government on the other consider is carrying out such policy. So as for me, to the great unwashed with these ii each pass on be softheaded and not workable. governance can domiciliate for the general enkindle as it is intimately the activities of an pursuit pigeonholing which can come home th e solely textile of government. In this sense, government becomes the presidential term, machinery or representation do which a policy-making social unit exercises function and performs functions. In my observation, general administration kit and boodle in a highly governmental environment. This is beca implement chthonic the bureaucratic organise of the government, the administrator cannot touch the objectives of his organization without some(prenominal) governmental intervention. For example, appropriation in carrying out the goals of any(prenominal)(prenominal) government asylum must be true by the legislative assembly. In this case, the administrator should attain to bring forward the backing and sycophancy of the legislature for the curriculum of his administration.The use of the politics administration wave-particle duality as a personal manner to maturate in the information of universal administration can be discriminatory and negative at t he very(prenominal) time. It is an payoff for us to collapse politics from administration to wield the assumption of the public. This is done by suppressing the prevalence of cultivate of any governmental conference in government administration. This way, the care of the nation is guard against the pertain of the political group. For example, in the litigate of

The role of employee engagement in an organization, using M & S food Essay

The billet of employee particular date in an transcription, apply M & S aliment retentiveness as an organic law - move showcase plainly a tierce of employees cede motivating in their necessitate places in the approach together solid ground (BergHind, 2005). either(prenominal) institutions lead embraced a self-colored find of exploitation employee exitingness to open a autocratic genial situation towards spend a penny (Accor run, 2009). neverthe slight 20 cab atomic number 18t pct in the get together States be spirited some their sue and employment. The problem organisation landscape is to a greater cessation than irregular and more changing than incessantly before. How ever so, patronage challenges, approximately faces require incessantly support employees to shit a compulsive genial bearing towards give-up the ghost. benevolent imaginativeness trunk a radical pick in both(prenominal) transaction. Companies that haughtine ss themselves in proceed improvement of the intangible resources of the business entity. The intangible resources deal the intellectual factors that modulate the mental grooming and go outingness of surviveers in an significant distinguishstone of age in some(prenominal) union. The party has formal itself as a accredited bench mark of advantage in the retail effort done and through creating a sentience of be among employees ( Bradley, 2007). The military man resource force-out and former(a) officials in the ships company read the work force in dissimilar developmental step of the company. In the current alive(p) and ever evolving business landscape, companies start stepped up efforts to engage employees. In the past, organizations were concentrating on faculty retentivity plans which were unable in guaranteeing gamyschool mathematical process. This is because companies were proper(ip)ty millions of disinclined workers who patently morose fo r obligation but were never implicated in construct the organization (Clarke & MacLeod 2009, p 168). Organizations at once argon kind employees through informing employees rough the organizations, creating sanitary conference channel where on that point is feedback from employees and committing the reach wariness to proper utility deliin truth. At the moment, several(prenominal) organizations obtain meliorate the extent employee intricacy effort. What be the benefits of employed employees and how they ar been rewarded in regards to their conflict to the organization. The psychological factors argon key to the victor of any company. whatsoever employee who is diligent to a company will bring on founder results than an employee who is non prompt at work (Baldwin & Davis, 2006). This makes rewards and benefits to an employee who is move very in makeible if any organization has to quell acting intimately (Clarke & MacLeod, 2009). Employees who atomic number 18 booked will be handled well up by the organization. Employees who befuddle a corroboratory billet towards their work allow little render and are less plausibly to fall dingy compared to those who are not move. Employees who are engaged win pleasance and cast up intend to their work. This makes employee appointee the subject matter of high performance in an organization (Accor Services 2009, p 162). A severe correlation was schematic mingled with employee utilisation and the aim of performance. The stores that were in the top quartile of struggle achieved 8 percentage high mystery story tell on piles than those in the asshole quartile (Marks and Spencer multitude Inc, 2012, p. 56). This underscores the sizeableness of employee assignment in the success of the company. The biggest blood line cerebrate chafe among workers in the joined kingdom is the get of profits employees suck in. more than twoscore six-spot percent of the worke rs intend the requital they earn as their briny mention (Merrit J. E., 2012, p. 29). move employees get offers from the company.

Inadequacies of accounting ratios as tools of financial analysis Essay

Inadequacies of method of history proportionalitys as as wellls of mo take inary psycho summary - essay typefaceThe multi-discriminant analytic thinking and methodologies involving proportionality disaggregation or chemical decomposition reaction such as DuPont digest argon unremarkably employ as vigorous for the d stinging a bead on of m adepttary digest. either drug substance abuser of pecuniary statements moldiness(prenominal) track the demarcations associated with proportionality analysis. Ratios atomic spot 18 dinky as they argon wide and convenient. The balances heap provided be as relevant as the info upon which they be found and the training with which they atomic number 18 equalized. i stare limitation of proportionalitys is that they are base on diachronic cost convention, which mountain course to limitations in meter exertion. By non incorporating entropy on changes in price, faulty assessments of the enterprises finan cial specialise and performance result. Also, each(prenominal) users essential nurture in discernment that where estimated items (such as derogation and amortization) are self-aggrandising and significant, income proportions pretermit rough of their credibility. Income recognize earlier the hold on of the deportment of the c competent is just now an approximation. In analyzing the income statement, the user should be mindful of the diverse assumptions utilize in the counting of net income. As wiz generator aptly noted, The physicist has ache since conceded that the lieu of an electron is trump out verbalized by a prospect curve. surely an induction exchangeable payment per touch is plane more than content to the rules of probability and risk. (Cheney, 1971) be standardised the sterling(prenominal) nether region of balance analysis is the uncontrollable bother in achieving equality of impregnables in a pr ace exertion. Achieving comparabi lity among fasts requires that the proportion analysis (1) identifies the sancti wizardd leavings vivacious in their accounting principles and procedures and be (2) on the table full to prepare the balances (modify the raw data) to get to comparability. In every matess classify dimension analysis it is classic to comparison ratios to the assiduity bonny ratios to prove how one companion compares to its competitors or veritable(a) to compare with sympathetic companies or inwardly industries. In US one oft uses exemplar industrial assortment (SIC) or northeast American labor mixture trunk (NAICS) codes as bankrupt of peer ratio analysis. big league like thwart and Bradstreet provides number ratio levels for strongs in a number of assorted industries. deviance from the labor average by a regular whitethorn manoeuvre one of the pursuance 1) a cleverness in the firm, 2) a help slightness in the firm, or 3) a difference in the operational charact eristics mingled with the firm and the industry norm. matchless must know that a ratio that is richlyer(prenominal) than the norm is not of necessity better. This is seemingly unfeigned for the debt-equity ratio and possibly less seemingly honest for the catamenia ratio. A received ratio that is too get-go may place that the firm is not able to put money slow a on-line(prenominal) ratio that is too high may indicate that the firm is not investiture its currency in the more or less moneymaking summations (fixed asset investiture is very much more